'shape' Dialect

Types and operations for shape dialect

This dialect contains operations for shape inference.

Note: Unless explicitly stated, all functions that return a shape and take shapes as input, return the invalid shape if one of its operands is an invalid shape. This avoids flagging multiple errors for one verification failure. The dialect itself does not specify how errors should be combined (there are multiple different options, from always choosing first operand, concatting etc. on how to combine them).

Type definition ¶

component type ¶

shape.element_type represents the element type of the ShapedType. It may be unknown, error or regular element type supported by ShapedType.

element type ¶

shape.element_type represents the element type of the ShapedType. It may be unknown, error or regular element type supported by ShapedType.

shape ¶

shape.type represents either an unranked shape, a ranked shape with possibly unknown dimensions or an invalid shape. The rank is of type shape.size and, if rank is known, the extent is a 1D tensor of type shape.size.

Shape is printed:

• [*] if it is an unranked shape
• [?, 2] if a rank 2 tensor with one unknown dimension
• [3, 4] is a rank 2 static tensor
• [] is a scalar
• [1] is a rank 1 tensor with 1 element
• [invalid] for an invalid shape

size ¶

shape.size represents a non-negative integer with support for being unknown and invalid.

Operations on shape.size types are specialized to handle unknown/dynamic value. So, for example, <unknown> + x == <unknown> for all non-error x : !shape.size (e.g., an unknown value does not become known due to addition).

value shape ¶

shape.value_shape represents the value produced by an operation (this corresponds to Value in the compiler) and a shape. Conceptually this is a tuple of a value (potentially unknown) and shape.type. The value and shape can either or both be unknown. If both the value and shape are known, then the shape of value is conformant with shape. That is, the shape of the value conforms to the shape of the ValueShape, so that if we have ValueShape (value, shape) then join(shape_of(value), shape) would be error free and in particular it means that if both are statically known, then they are equal.

witness ¶

A witness is a structural device in the compiler to maintain ordering of code relying on information obtained from passing assertions. Witnesses do not represent any physical data.

“cstr_” operations will return witnesses and be lowered into assertion logic when not resolvable at compile time.

“assuming_” operations will take witnesses as input and represent only information to the compiler, so they do not exist in executing code. Code that is dependent on “assuming_” operations can assume all cstr operations transitively before are honored as true.

These abstractions are intended to allow the compiler more freedom with assertions by merely showing the assertion through dataflow at this time rather than a side effecting operation that acts as a barrier. This can be viewed similarly to a compiler representation of promises from asynchronous, possibly crashing assertions. Reliant code will not be reordered to before the code and non-reliant code can be reordered freely, and there are no guarantees on the final ordering of the assertions or their related code.

Operation definition ¶

shape.add (shape::AddOp) ¶

Addition of sizes and indices

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.add` $lhs `,` $rhs attr-dict `:` type($lhs) `,` type($rhs) `->` type($result)

Adds two sizes or indices. If either operand is an error it will be propagated to the result. The operands can be of type size or index. If at least one of the operands can hold an error, i.e. if it is of type size, then also the result must be of type size.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.any (shape::AnyOp) ¶

Return any combination of the input shapes

This operation takes multiple input shapes or extent tensors and returns some combination of their dimensions. This can be best seen with examples below.

The result is undefined, but still side-effect free, in cases where the inputs have differing ranks or differ in extents of shared dimensions.

Example:

%s0 = shape.any [2,?], [?,3] // [2,3]
%s1 = shape.any [?,?], [1,2] // [1,2]

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.assuming_all (shape::AssumingAllOp) ¶

Return a logical AND of all witnesses

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.assuming_all` $inputs attr-dict

Used to simplify constraints as any single failing precondition is enough to prevent execution.

“assuming” operations represent an execution order restriction to the compiler, information for dependent code to rely on (by assuming), and nothing else. They should not exist after a program is fully lowered and ready to execute.

Example:

%w0 = shape.cstr_broadcastable [2,2], [3,1,2] // Passing
%w1 = shape.cstr_broadcastable [2,2], [3,2] // Failure
%w2 = shape.cstr_eq [1,2], [1,2], [1,2] // Passing
%wf = shape.assuming_all %w0, %w1 // Failure
%wt = shape.assuming_all %w0, %w2 // Passing

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.assuming (shape::AssumingOp) ¶

Execute the region

Executes the region assuming all witnesses are true.

“assuming” operations represent an execution order restriction to the compiler, information for dependent code to rely on (by assuming), and nothing else. They should not exist after a program is fully lowered and ready to execute.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.assuming_yield (shape::AssumingYieldOp) ¶

Yield operation

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.assuming_yield` attr-dict ($operands^ `:` type($operands))?

This yield operation represents a return operation within the assert_and_exec region. The operation takes variable number of operands and produces no results. The operand number and types must match the return signature of the region that contains the operation.

Operands: ¶

shape.broadcast (shape::BroadcastOp) ¶

Returns the broadcasted output shape of two inputs

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.broadcast` $lhs `,` $rhs attr-dict `:` type($lhs) `,` type($rhs) `->` type($result)

Returns the broadcasted shape for two input shapes or extent tensors. Both operands can be of type shape.shape or tensor<?xindex>. The result is of type shape.shape and, if both operands are tensors, may be of type tensor<?xindex>.

If the two operand shapes are of different rank the smaller one is padded with 1’s from the left. The resulting broadcasted shape is then defined as

result[i] = lhs[i] if lhs[i] == rhs[i]
          = lhs[i] if rhs[i] == 1
          = rhs[i] if lhs[i] == 1.

In case the resulting shape is undefined, i.e. if corresponding extents are different from each other but none is 1, the result is an error shape. Likewise error values are propagated if any of the operands holds an error value. If the result type is an extent tensor (and can therefore not hold the error value) the behavior may be undefined. The optional string attribute can be used to describe the error case.

Attributes: ¶

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.concat (shape::ConcatOp) ¶

Concatenates two shapes

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.concat` $lhs `,` $rhs attr-dict

Creates a shape whose dimensions consist of first the dimensions from lhs followed by the dimensions of rhs.

Example: concat([2,3], [4,5]) -> [2,3,4,5] concat([], []) -> [] concat([], [4,5,6]) -> [4,5,6]

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.const_shape (shape::ConstShapeOp) ¶

Creates a constant shape or extent tensor

Creates a constant shape or extent tensor. The individual extents are given as the shape attribute. The number of these values equals the shape’s rank.

%0 = shape.const_shape [] : !shape.shape
%1 = shape.const_shape [1, 2, 3] : !shape.shape
%2 = shape.const_shape [4, 5, 6] : tensor<?xindex>

Attributes: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.const_size (shape::ConstSizeOp) ¶

Creates a constant of type shape.size

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.const_size` $value attr-dict

Creates a shape.size type representing the constant size given by value.

%x = shape.const_size 10

Attributes: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.const_witness (shape::ConstWitnessOp) ¶

An operation that returns a statically known witness value

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.const_witness` $passing attr-dict

This operation represents a statically known witness result. This can be often used to canonicalize/fold constraint and assuming code that will always pass.

%0 = shape.const_shape [1,2,3]
%1 = shape.const_shape [1, 2, 3]
%w0 = shape.cstr_eq(%0, %1) // Can be folded to "const_witness true"
%w1 = shape.const_witness true
%w2 = shape.assuming_all(%w0, %w2) // Can be folded to "const_witness true"

Attributes: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.cstr_broadcastable (shape::CstrBroadcastableOp) ¶

Determines if 2 shapes can be successfully broadcasted

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.cstr_broadcastable` $lhs `,` $rhs `:` type($lhs) `,` type($rhs) attr-dict

Given two input shapes or extent tensors, return a witness specifying if they are broadcastable. This broadcastable follows the same logic as what shape.broadcast documents.

“cstr” operations represent runtime assertions.

Example:

%w0 = shape.cstr_broadcastable [2,2], [3,1,2] // Passing
%w1 = shape.cstr_broadcastable [2,2], [3,2] // Failure

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.cstr_eq (shape::CstrEqOp) ¶

Determines if all input shapes are equal

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.cstr_eq` $inputs attr-dict

Given 1 or more input shapes, determine if all shapes are the exact same.

“cstr” operations represent runtime assertions.

Example:

%w0 = shape.cstr_eq [1,2], [1,2], [1,2] // Passing
%w1 = shape.cstr_eq [2,2], [1,2] // Failure

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.debug_print (shape::DebugPrintOp) ¶

Prints the input shape or size

Prints the input dim or shape and passes through input.

Note: This is intended for testing and debugging only.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.from_extent_tensor (shape::FromExtentTensorOp) ¶

Creates a shape from a tensor of extents

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.from_extent_tensor` attr-dict $input `:` type($input)

Creates a shape from a 1D integral tensor of extents. The rank of the resulting shape equals the number of elements in the tensor, and the extents match the values of the elements.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.from_extents (shape::FromExtentsOp) ¶

Creates a shape from extents

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.from_extents` $extents attr-dict

Creates a shape from multiple SSA values representing the extents of the shape.

// Rank 2 shape.
%s0 = shape.from_extents %a, %b
// Rank 0 shape.
%s1 = shape.from_extents

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.get_extent (shape::GetExtentOp) ¶

Gets the specified extent from a shape or extent tensor

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.get_extent` $shape `,` $dim `:` type($shape) `,` type($dim) `->` type($extent) attr-dict

Gets the extent indexed by dim from the shape operand. If the shape is an error then it returns an error size.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.index_to_size (shape::IndexToSizeOp) ¶

Converts a standard index to a shape size

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.index_to_size` $arg attr-dict

Converts a standard index to a shape.size. This operation and its inverse, size_to_index, facilitate index conversion between the standard and the shape dialect.

The behavior is undefined for negative indices.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.join (shape::JoinOp) ¶

Returns the least general shape.size of its operands

An operation that computes the least general shape of input operands. This effectively asserts that corresponding static dimensions are equal. The behavior is to match each element of the shape.shape and propagate the most restrictive information, returning an invalid shape if there are contradictory requirements. E.g., using pseudo code

shape.join([*], [*]) -> [*]
shape.join([*], [1, ?]) -> [1, ?]
shape.join([1, 2], [1, ?]) -> [1, 2]
shape.join([*], [1, 2]) -> [1, 2]
shape.join([], []) -> []
shape.join([], [*]) -> []
shape.join([], [?, ?]) -> [invalid]
shape.join([1, ?], [2, ?, ?]) -> [invalid]

shape.join also allows specifying an optional error string, that may be used to return an error to the user upon mismatch of dimensions.

%c = shape.join %a, %b, error="<reason>" : !shape.shape

Attributes: ¶

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.mul (shape::MulOp) ¶

Multiplication of sizes and indices

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.mul` $lhs `,` $rhs `:` type($lhs) `,` type($rhs) `->` type($result) attr-dict

Multiplies two sizes or indices. If either operand is an error it will be propagated to the result. The operands can be of type size or index. If at least one of the operands can hold an error, i.e. if it is of type size, then also the result must be of type size. If error propagation is not possible because both operands are of type index then the result must also be of type index.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.num_elements (shape::NumElementsOp) ¶

Returns the number of elements for a given shape

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.num_elements` $shape `:` type($shape) `->` type($result) attr-dict

Returns the number of elements for a given shape which is the product of its extents. If the argument is of type shape then the result will be of type size and potential errors will be propagated. Otherwise, if the argument is and extent tensor tensor<?xindex> then the result will be of type index.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.rank (shape::RankOp) ¶

Gets the rank of a shape

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.rank` $shape `:` type($shape) `->` type($rank) attr-dict

Returns the rank of the shape or extent tensor, i.e. the number of extents.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.reduce (shape::ReduceOp) ¶

Returns an expression reduced over a shape or extent tensor

An operation that takes as input a shape or extent tensor, and a number of initial values. This operation has a region/function that is applied repeatedly for every extent of the input. Starting with the initial values, the individual extents are then aggregated as defined by the associated region.

Conceptually this op performs the following reduction:

res[] = init;
for (int i = 0, i < shape.rank(); i++) {
  res = fn(i, shape[i], res[0], ..., res[n]);
}

Where fn is provided by the user and the result of the reduce op is the last computed output of the reduce function. As an example, computing the number of elements can be defined as follows:

func @reduce(%shape : !shape.shape, %init : !shape.size) -> !shape.size {
  %num_elements = shape.reduce(%shape, %init) -> !shape.size  {
    ^bb0(%index: index, %dim: !shape.size, %acc: !shape.size):
      %updated_acc = "shape.mul"(%acc, %dim) :
        (!shape.size, !shape.size) -> !shape.size
      shape.yield %updated_acc : !shape.size
  }
  return %num_elements : !shape.size
}

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.shape_eq (shape::ShapeEqOp) ¶

Returns whether the input shapes or extent tensors are equal

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.shape_eq` $lhs `,` $rhs attr-dict `:` type($lhs) `,` type($rhs)

Takes two shape or extent tensor operands and determines whether they are equal. When extent tensors are compared to shapes they are regarded as their equivalent non-error shapes. Error shapes can be tested for equality like any other shape value, meaning that the error value is equal to itself.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.shape_of (shape::ShapeOfOp) ¶

Returns shape of a value or shaped type operand

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.shape_of` $arg `:` type($arg) `->` type($result) attr-dict

The operation takes a value or a shaped operand as an argument and it returns a shape or extent tensor.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.size_to_index (shape::SizeToIndexOp) ¶

Casts between index types of the shape and standard dialect

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.size_to_index` $arg attr-dict `:` type($arg)

Converts a shape.size to a standard index. This operation and its inverse, index_to_size, facilitate index conversion between the standard and the shape dialect. The behavior is undefined for unknown and invalid arguments.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.split_at (shape::SplitAtOp) ¶

Splits a shape at a given index

Splits a shape at a given dimension index, returning two shapes. If index is negative, it is treated as indexing from the back of the shape. This negative-handling behavior is important when handling unranked shapes, where the positive index is not necessarily knowable due to a dynamic number of leading dimensions.

Examples:

• split_at([4,5,6], index=0) -> [], [4,5,6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=1) -> [4], [5,6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=2) -> [4,5], [6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=3) -> [4,5,6], []
• split_at([4,5,6], index=4) -> error
• split_at([4,5,6], index=-1) -> [4,5], [6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=-2) -> [4], [5,6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=-3) -> [], [4,5,6]
• split_at([4,5,6], index=-4) -> error

Requires:

• index is in the range [-rank(operand),rank(operand)]

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.to_extent_tensor (shape::ToExtentTensorOp) ¶

Creates a dimension tensor from a shape

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.to_extent_tensor` attr-dict $input `:` type($input) `->` type($result)

Converts a shape to a 1D integral tensor of extents. The number of elements in the tensor equals the rank of the shape, and the elements equal the extents of the shape.

If the shape represents an error, this op’s behavior is undefined.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.with_shape (shape::WithOp) ¶

Returns ValueShape with given shape

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.with_shape` operands attr-dict `:` type($operand) `,` type($shape)

Returns ValueShape with the shape updated to match the shape operand. That is a new ValueShape tuple is created with value equal to operand's value and shape equal to shape. If the ValueShape and given shape are non-conformant, then the returned ValueShape will represent an error of this mismatch. Similarly if either inputs are in an error state, then an error is popagated.

Usage: %0 = shape.with_shape %1, %2 : tensor<…>, !shape.shape

This is used, for example, where one combines shape function calculations and/or call one shape function from another. E.g.,

func @shape_foobah(%a: !shape.value_shape,
                   %b: !shape.value_shape,
                   %c: !shape.value_shape) -> !shape.shape {
  %0 = call @shape_foo(%a, %b) :
    (!shape.value_shape, !shape.value_shape) -> !shape.shape
  %1 = shape.with_shape %b, %0 : !shape.value_shape, !shape.shape
  %2 = call @shape_bah(%c, %1) :
    (!shape.value_shape, !shape.value_shape) -> !shape.shape
  return %2 : !shape.shape
}

This op need not be a refinement of the shape. In non-error cases the input ValueShape’s value and shape are conformant and so too for the output, but the result may be less specified than operand's shape as shape is merely used to construct the new ValueShape. If join behavior is desired then a join op should be used.

Operands: ¶

Results: ¶

shape.yield (shape::YieldOp) ¶

Returns the value to parent op

Syntax:

operation ::= `shape.yield` attr-dict ($operands^ `:` type($operands))?

Operands: ¶