NVVMDialect.cpp

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//===- NVVMDialect.cpp - NVVM IR Ops and Dialect registration -------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines the types and operation details for the NVVM IR dialect in
// MLIR, and the LLVM IR dialect.  It also registers the dialect.
//
// The NVVM dialect only contains GPU specific additions on top of the general
// LLVM dialect.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMDialect.h"
 
#include "mlir/Conversion/ConvertToLLVM/ToLLVMInterface.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/GPU/IR/CompilationInterfaces.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Utils/StaticValueUtils.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
#include "mlir/IR/DialectImplementation.h"
#include "mlir/IR/MLIRContext.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
#include "mlir/IR/OperationSupport.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Types.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/TypeSwitch.h"
#include "llvm/AsmParser/Parser.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Attributes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
 
using namespace mlir;
using namespace NVVM;
 
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOpsDialect.cpp.inc"
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOpsEnums.cpp.inc"
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Printing/parsing for NVVM ops
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
static void printNVVMIntrinsicOp(OpAsmPrinter &p, Operation *op) {
  p << " " << op->getOperands();
  if (op->getNumResults() > 0)
    p << " : " << op->getResultTypes();
}
 
// <operation> ::= `llvm.nvvm.vote.ballot.sync %mask, %pred` : result_type
ParseResult VoteBallotOp::parse(OpAsmParser &parser, OperationState &result) {
  MLIRContext *context = parser.getContext();
  auto int32Ty = IntegerType::get(context, 32);
  auto int1Ty = IntegerType::get(context, 1);
 
  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand, 8> ops;
  Type type;
  return failure(parser.parseOperandList(ops) ||
                 parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) ||
                 parser.parseColonType(type) ||
                 parser.addTypeToList(type, result.types) ||
                 parser.resolveOperands(ops, {int32Ty, int1Ty},
                                        parser.getNameLoc(), result.operands));
}
 
void VoteBallotOp::print(OpAsmPrinter &p) { printNVVMIntrinsicOp(p, *this); }
 
// This verifier is shared across:
// CpAsyncBulkTensorGlobalToSharedClusterOp (TMA Load) and
// CpAsyncBulkTensorPrefetchOp (TMA Prefetch) Ops.
static LogicalResult CpAsyncBulkTensorCommonVerifier(size_t tensorDims,
                                                     size_t numIm2ColOffsets,
                                                     Location loc) {
  if (tensorDims < 1 || tensorDims > 5)
    return emitError(loc, "expects coordinates between 1 to 5 dimension");
 
  if (numIm2ColOffsets) {
    if (tensorDims < 3)
      return emitError(
          loc,
          "to use im2col mode, the tensor has to be at least 3-dimensional");
    if (tensorDims != (numIm2ColOffsets + 2))
      return emitError(
          loc, "im2col offsets must be 2 less than number of coordinates");
  }
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult CpAsyncBulkTensorGlobalToSharedClusterOp::verify() {
  return CpAsyncBulkTensorCommonVerifier(getCoordinates().size(),
                                         getIm2colOffsets().size(), getLoc());
}
 
LogicalResult CpAsyncBulkTensorSharedCTAToGlobalOp::verify() {
  if (getCoordinates().size() > 5)
    return emitError("Maximum 5 coordinates and dimension is supported.");
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult CpAsyncOp::verify() {
  if (getModifier() != LoadCacheModifierKind::CG &&
      getModifier() != LoadCacheModifierKind::CA)
    return emitError("Only CG and CA cache modifiers are supported.");
  if (getSize() != 4 && getSize() != 8 && getSize() != 16)
    return emitError("expected byte size to be either 4, 8 or 16.");
  if (getModifier() == LoadCacheModifierKind::CG && getSize() != 16)
    return emitError("CG cache modifier is only support for 16 bytes copy.");
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult CpAsyncBulkTensorPrefetchOp::verify() {
  return CpAsyncBulkTensorCommonVerifier(getCoordinates().size(),
                                         getIm2colOffsets().size(), getLoc());
}
 
// Given the element type of an operand and whether or not it is an accumulator,
// this function returns the PTX type (`NVVM::MMATypes`) that corresponds to the
// operand's element type.
std::optional<mlir::NVVM::MMATypes>
MmaOp::inferOperandMMAType(Type operandElType, bool isAccumulator) {
  auto half2Type =
      LLVM::getFixedVectorType(Float16Type::get(operandElType.getContext()), 2);
  if (operandElType.isF64())
    return NVVM::MMATypes::f64;
  if (operandElType.isF16() || operandElType == half2Type)
    return NVVM::MMATypes::f16;
  if (operandElType.isF32() && isAccumulator)
    return NVVM::MMATypes::f32;
  if (operandElType.isF32() && !isAccumulator)
    return NVVM::MMATypes::tf32;
  if (llvm::isa<IntegerType>(operandElType)) {
    if (isAccumulator)
      return NVVM::MMATypes::s32;
    return std::nullopt;
  }
 
  if (auto structType = llvm::dyn_cast<LLVM::LLVMStructType>(operandElType)) {
    if (structType.getBody().empty())
      return std::nullopt;
    return inferOperandMMAType(structType.getBody()[0], isAccumulator);
  }
 
  return std::nullopt;
}
 
static bool isInt4PtxType(MMATypes type) {
  return (type == MMATypes::u4 || type == MMATypes::s4);
}
 
static bool isInt8PtxType(MMATypes type) {
  return (type == MMATypes::u8 || type == MMATypes::s8);
}
 
static bool isIntegerPtxType(MMATypes type) {
  return isInt4PtxType(type) || isInt8PtxType(type) || type == MMATypes::b1 ||
         type == MMATypes::s32;
}
 
MMATypes MmaOp::accumPtxType() {
  std::optional<mlir::NVVM::MMATypes> val = inferOperandMMAType(
      getODSOperands(2).getTypes().front(), /*isAccum=*/true);
  assert(val.has_value() && "accumulator PTX type should always be inferrable");
  return val.value();
}
 
MMATypes MmaOp::resultPtxType() {
  std::optional<mlir::NVVM::MMATypes> val =
      inferOperandMMAType(getResult().getType(), /*isAccum=*/true);
  assert(val.has_value() && "result PTX type should always be inferrable");
  return val.value();
}
 
void MmaOp::print(OpAsmPrinter &p) {
  SmallVector<Type, 4> regTypes;
  struct OperandFragment {
    StringRef operandName;
    StringRef ptxTypeAttr;
    SmallVector<Value, 4> regs;
    explicit OperandFragment(StringRef name, StringRef ptxTypeName)
        : operandName(name), ptxTypeAttr(ptxTypeName) {}
  };
 
  std::array<OperandFragment, 3> frags{
      OperandFragment("A", getMultiplicandAPtxTypeAttrName()),
      OperandFragment("B", getMultiplicandBPtxTypeAttrName()),
      OperandFragment("C", "")};
  SmallVector<StringRef, 4> ignoreAttrNames{
      mlir::NVVM::MmaOp::getOperandSegmentSizeAttr()};
 
  for (unsigned fragIdx = 0; fragIdx < frags.size(); fragIdx++) {
    auto &frag = frags[fragIdx];
    auto varOperandSpec = getODSOperandIndexAndLength(fragIdx);
    for (auto operandIdx = varOperandSpec.first;
         operandIdx < varOperandSpec.first + varOperandSpec.second;
         operandIdx++) {
      frag.regs.push_back(this->getOperand(operandIdx));
      if (operandIdx == 0) {
        regTypes.push_back(this->getOperand(operandIdx).getType());
      }
    }
    std::optional<MMATypes> inferredType =
        inferOperandMMAType(regTypes.back(), /*isAccum=*/fragIdx >= 2);
    if (inferredType)
      ignoreAttrNames.push_back(frag.ptxTypeAttr);
  }
 
  auto printMmaOperand = [&](const OperandFragment &frag) -> void {
    p << " " << frag.operandName;
    p << "[";
    p.printOperands(frag.regs);
    p << "] ";
  };
 
  for (const auto &frag : frags) {
    printMmaOperand(frag);
  }
 
  p.printOptionalAttrDict(this->getOperation()->getAttrs(), ignoreAttrNames);
 
  // Print the types of the operands and result.
  p << " : " << "(";
  llvm::interleaveComma(SmallVector<Type, 3>{frags[0].regs[0].getType(),
                                             frags[1].regs[0].getType(),
                                             frags[2].regs[0].getType()},
                        p);
  p << ")";
  p.printArrowTypeList(TypeRange{this->getRes().getType()});
}
 
void MmaOp::build(OpBuilder &builder, OperationState &result, Type resultType,
                  ValueRange operandA, ValueRange operandB, ValueRange operandC,
                  ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, std::optional<MMAB1Op> b1Op,
                  std::optional<MMAIntOverflow> intOverflow,
                  std::optional<std::array<MMATypes, 2>> multiplicandPtxTypes,
                  std::optional<std::array<MMALayout, 2>> multiplicandLayouts) {
 
  assert(shape.size() == 3 && "expected shape to have size 3 (m, n, k)");
  MLIRContext *ctx = builder.getContext();
  result.addAttribute(
      "shape", builder.getAttr<MMAShapeAttr>(shape[0], shape[1], shape[2]));
 
  result.addOperands(operandA);
  result.addOperands(operandB);
  result.addOperands(operandC);
 
  if (multiplicandPtxTypes) {
    result.addAttribute("multiplicandAPtxType",
                        MMATypesAttr::get(ctx, (*multiplicandPtxTypes)[0]));
    result.addAttribute("multiplicandBPtxType",
                        MMATypesAttr::get(ctx, (*multiplicandPtxTypes)[1]));
  } else {
    if (auto res = inferOperandMMAType(operandA[0].getType(), false))
      result.addAttribute("multiplicandAPtxType", MMATypesAttr::get(ctx, *res));
    if (auto res = inferOperandMMAType(operandB[0].getType(), false))
      result.addAttribute("multiplicandBPtxType", MMATypesAttr::get(ctx, *res));
  }
 
  if (multiplicandLayouts) {
    result.addAttribute("layoutA",
                        MMALayoutAttr::get(ctx, (*multiplicandLayouts)[0]));
    result.addAttribute("layoutB",
                        MMALayoutAttr::get(ctx, (*multiplicandLayouts)[1]));
  } else {
    result.addAttribute("layoutA", MMALayoutAttr::get(ctx, MMALayout::row));
    result.addAttribute("layoutB", MMALayoutAttr::get(ctx, MMALayout::col));
  }
 
  if (intOverflow.has_value())
    result.addAttribute("intOverflowBehavior",
                        MMAIntOverflowAttr::get(ctx, *intOverflow));
  if (b1Op.has_value())
    result.addAttribute("b1Op", MMAB1OpAttr::get(ctx, *b1Op));
 
  result.addTypes(resultType);
  result.addAttribute(
      MmaOp::getOperandSegmentSizeAttr(),
      builder.getDenseI32ArrayAttr({static_cast<int32_t>(operandA.size()),
                                    static_cast<int32_t>(operandB.size()),
                                    static_cast<int32_t>(operandC.size())}));
}
 
// <operation> :=
//   A `[` $operandA `]` B `[` $operandB `]` C `[` $operandC `]`
//   attr-dict : (type($operandA[0]), type($operandB[0]), type($operandC[0]))
//     `->` type($res)
ParseResult MmaOp::parse(OpAsmParser &parser, OperationState &result) {
  struct OperandFragment {
    std::optional<MMATypes> elemtype;
    SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand, 4> regs;
    SmallVector<Type> regTypes;
  };
 
  Builder &builder = parser.getBuilder();
  std::array<OperandFragment, 4> frags;
 
  NamedAttrList namedAttributes;
 
  // A helper to parse the operand segments.
  auto parseMmaOperand = [&](StringRef operandName,
                             OperandFragment &frag) -> LogicalResult {
    if (parser.parseKeyword(operandName).failed())
      return failure();
    if (parser
            .parseOperandList(frag.regs, OpAsmParser::Delimiter::OptionalSquare)
            .failed())
      return failure();
    return success();
  };
 
  // Parse the operand segments.
  if (parseMmaOperand("A", frags[0]).failed())
    return failure();
  if (parseMmaOperand("B", frags[1]).failed())
    return failure();
  if (parseMmaOperand("C", frags[2]).failed())
    return failure();
 
  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(namedAttributes).failed())
    return failure();
 
  // Parse the type specification and resolve operands.
  SmallVector<Type, 3> operandTypes;
  if (failed(parser.parseColon()))
    return failure();
  if (failed(parser.parseLParen()))
    return failure();
  if (failed(parser.parseTypeList(operandTypes)))
    return failure();
  if (failed(parser.parseRParen()))
    if (operandTypes.size() != 3)
      return parser.emitError(
          parser.getNameLoc(),
          "expected one type for each operand segment but got " +
              Twine(operandTypes.size()) + " types");
  for (const auto &iter : llvm::enumerate(operandTypes)) {
    auto &frag = frags[iter.index()];
    frag.regTypes.resize(frag.regs.size(), iter.value());
    if (failed(parser.resolveOperands(frag.regs, frag.regTypes,
                                      parser.getNameLoc(), result.operands)))
      return failure();
    frag.elemtype =
        inferOperandMMAType(frag.regTypes[0], /*isAccum=*/iter.index() < 2);
  }
 
  Type resultType;
  if (parser.parseArrow() || parser.parseType(resultType))
    return failure();
  frags[3].elemtype = inferOperandMMAType(resultType, /*isAccum=*/true);
 
  std::array<StringRef, 2> names{"multiplicandAPtxType",
                                 "multiplicandBPtxType"};
  for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < names.size(); idx++) {
    const auto &frag = frags[idx];
    std::optional<NamedAttribute> attr = namedAttributes.getNamed(names[idx]);
    if (!frag.elemtype.has_value() && !attr.has_value()) {
      return parser.emitError(
          parser.getNameLoc(),
          "attribute " + names[idx] +
              " is not provided explicitly and cannot be inferred");
    }
    if (!attr.has_value())
      result.addAttribute(
          names[idx], MMATypesAttr::get(parser.getContext(), *frag.elemtype));
  }
 
  result.addTypes(resultType);
  if (!namedAttributes.empty())
    result.addAttributes(namedAttributes);
  result.addAttribute(MmaOp::getOperandSegmentSizeAttr(),
                      builder.getDenseI32ArrayAttr({
                          static_cast<int32_t>(frags[0].regs.size()),
                          static_cast<int32_t>(frags[1].regs.size()),
                          static_cast<int32_t>(frags[2].regs.size()),
                      }));
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult MmaOp::verify() {
  MLIRContext *context = getContext();
  auto f16Ty = Float16Type::get(context);
  auto i32Ty = IntegerType::get(context, 32);
  auto f16x2Ty = LLVM::getFixedVectorType(f16Ty, 2);
  auto f32Ty = Float32Type::get(context);
  auto f16x2x4StructTy = LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
      context, {f16x2Ty, f16x2Ty, f16x2Ty, f16x2Ty});
 
  auto s32x4StructTy =
      LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context, {i32Ty, i32Ty, i32Ty, i32Ty});
  auto f32x8StructTy =
      LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context, SmallVector<Type>(8, f32Ty));
  auto f16x2x2StructTy =
      LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context, {f16x2Ty, f16x2Ty});
  auto f32x4StructTy =
      LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context, {f32Ty, f32Ty, f32Ty, f32Ty});
  auto s32x2StructTy =
      LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(context, {i32Ty, i32Ty});
 
  std::array<int64_t, 3> mmaShape{getShapeAttr().getM(), getShapeAttr().getN(),
                                  getShapeAttr().getK()};
 
  // These variables define the set of allowed data types for matrices A, B, C,
  // and result.
  using AllowedShapes = SmallVector<std::array<int64_t, 3>, 2>;
  using AllowedTypes = SmallVector<SmallVector<Type, 4>, 2>;
  AllowedShapes allowedShapes;
  AllowedTypes expectedA;
  AllowedTypes expectedB;
  AllowedTypes expectedC;
  SmallVector<Type> expectedResult;
 
  // When M = 16, we just need to calculate the number of 8xk tiles, where
  // k is a factor that depends on the data type.
  if (mmaShape[0] == 16) {
    int64_t kFactor;
    Type multiplicandFragType;
    switch (*getMultiplicandAPtxType()) {
    case MMATypes::tf32:
      kFactor = 4;
      multiplicandFragType = i32Ty;
      expectedResult.push_back(LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
          context, {f32Ty, f32Ty, f32Ty, f32Ty}));
      break;
    case MMATypes::f16:
    case MMATypes::bf16:
      kFactor = 8;
      multiplicandFragType = f16x2Ty;
      expectedResult.push_back(f16x2x2StructTy);
      expectedResult.push_back(f32x4StructTy);
      break;
    case MMATypes::s4:
    case MMATypes::u4:
      kFactor = 32;
      break;
    case MMATypes::b1:
      kFactor = 128;
      break;
    case MMATypes::s8:
    case MMATypes::u8:
      kFactor = 16;
      break;
    default:
      return emitError("invalid shape or multiplicand type: " +
                       stringifyEnum(getMultiplicandAPtxType().value()));
    }
 
    if (isIntegerPtxType(getMultiplicandAPtxType().value())) {
      expectedResult.push_back(s32x4StructTy);
      expectedC.emplace_back(4, i32Ty);
      multiplicandFragType = i32Ty;
    } else {
      expectedC.emplace_back(2, f16x2Ty);
      expectedC.emplace_back(4, f32Ty);
    }
 
    int64_t unitA = (mmaShape[0] / 8) * (mmaShape[2] / kFactor);
    int64_t unitB = (mmaShape[1] / 8) * (mmaShape[2] / kFactor);
    expectedA.emplace_back(unitA, multiplicandFragType);
    expectedB.emplace_back(unitB, multiplicandFragType);
    allowedShapes.push_back({16, 8, kFactor});
    allowedShapes.push_back({16, 8, kFactor * 2});
  }
 
  // In the M=8 case, there is only 1 possible case per data type.
  if (mmaShape[0] == 8) {
    if (*getMultiplicandAPtxType() == MMATypes::f16) {
      expectedA.emplace_back(2, f16x2Ty);
      expectedB.emplace_back(2, f16x2Ty);
      expectedResult.push_back(f16x2x4StructTy);
      expectedResult.push_back(f32x8StructTy);
      expectedC.emplace_back(4, f16x2Ty);
      expectedC.emplace_back(8, f32Ty);
      allowedShapes.push_back({8, 8, 4});
    }
    if (*getMultiplicandAPtxType() == MMATypes::f64) {
      Type f64Ty = Float64Type::get(context);
      expectedA.emplace_back(1, f64Ty);
      expectedB.emplace_back(1, f64Ty);
      expectedC.emplace_back(2, f64Ty);
      // expectedC.emplace_back(1, LLVM::getFixedVectorType(f64Ty, 2));
      expectedResult.emplace_back(LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
          context, SmallVector<Type>(2, f64Ty)));
      allowedShapes.push_back({8, 8, 4});
    }
    if (isIntegerPtxType(getMultiplicandAPtxType().value())) {
      expectedA.push_back({i32Ty});
      expectedB.push_back({i32Ty});
      expectedC.push_back({i32Ty, i32Ty});
      expectedResult.push_back(s32x2StructTy);
      if (isInt4PtxType(getMultiplicandAPtxType().value()))
        allowedShapes.push_back({8, 8, 32});
      if (isInt8PtxType(getMultiplicandAPtxType().value()))
        allowedShapes.push_back({8, 8, 16});
      if (getMultiplicandAPtxType().value() == MMATypes::b1)
        allowedShapes.push_back({8, 8, 128});
    }
  }
 
  std::string errorMessage;
  llvm::raw_string_ostream errorStream(errorMessage);
 
  // Check that we matched an existing shape/dtype combination.
  if (expectedA.empty() || expectedB.empty() || expectedC.empty() ||
      !llvm::is_contained(allowedShapes, mmaShape)) {
    errorStream << "unimplemented variant for MMA shape <";
    llvm::interleaveComma(mmaShape, errorStream);
    errorStream << ">";
    return emitOpError(errorMessage);
  }
 
  // Verify the operand types for segments of A, B, and C operands.
  std::array<StringRef, 3> operandNames{"A", "B", "C"};
  for (const auto &iter : llvm::enumerate(
           SmallVector<AllowedTypes, 3>{expectedA, expectedB, expectedC})) {
    auto spec = this->getODSOperandIndexAndLength(iter.index());
    SmallVector<Type, 4> operandTySeg(operand_type_begin() + spec.first,
                                      operand_type_begin() + spec.first +
                                          spec.second);
    bool match = llvm::is_contained(iter.value(), operandTySeg);
 
    if (!match) {
      errorStream << "Could not match types for the "
                  << operandNames[iter.index()]
                  << " operands; expected one of ";
      for (const auto &x : iter.value()) {
        errorStream << x.size() << "x" << x[0] << " ";
      }
      errorStream << "but got ";
      llvm::interleaveComma(operandTySeg, errorStream);
      return emitOpError(errorMessage);
    }
  }
 
  // Check the result type
  if (!llvm::any_of(expectedResult, [&](Type expectedResultType) {
        return expectedResultType == getResult().getType();
      })) {
    errorStream
        << "Could not match allowed types for the result; expected one of ";
    llvm::interleaveComma(expectedResult, errorStream);
    errorStream << " but got " << getResult().getType();
    return emitOpError(errorMessage);
  }
 
  // Ensure that binary MMA variants have a b1 MMA operation defined.
  if (getMultiplicandAPtxType() == MMATypes::b1 && !getB1Op()) {
    return emitOpError("op requires " + getB1OpAttrName().strref() +
                       " attribute");
  }
 
  // Ensure int4/int8 MMA variants specify the accum overflow behavior
  // attribute.
  if (isInt4PtxType(*getMultiplicandAPtxType()) ||
      isInt8PtxType(*getMultiplicandAPtxType())) {
    if (!getIntOverflowBehavior())
      return emitOpError("op requires " +
                         getIntOverflowBehaviorAttrName().strref() +
                         " attribute");
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult ShflOp::verify() {
  if (!(*this)->getAttrOfType<UnitAttr>("return_value_and_is_valid"))
    return success();
  auto type = llvm::dyn_cast<LLVM::LLVMStructType>(getType());
  auto elementType = (type && type.getBody().size() == 2)
                         ? llvm::dyn_cast<IntegerType>(type.getBody()[1])
                         : nullptr;
  if (!elementType || elementType.getWidth() != 1)
    return emitError("expected return type to be a two-element struct with "
                     "i1 as the second element");
  return success();
}
 
std::pair<mlir::Type, unsigned> NVVM::inferMMAType(NVVM::MMATypes type,
                                                   NVVM::MMAFrag frag, int nRow,
                                                   int nCol,
                                                   MLIRContext *context) {
  unsigned numberElements = 0;
  Type elementType;
  OpBuilder builder(context);
  Type f16x2 = VectorType::get(2, builder.getF16Type());
  if (type == NVVM::MMATypes::f16) {
    elementType = f16x2;
    if (frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::a || frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::b)
      numberElements = 8;
    else
      numberElements = 4;
  } else if (type == NVVM::MMATypes::f32) {
    elementType = builder.getF32Type();
    numberElements = 8;
  } else if (type == NVVM::MMATypes::tf32) {
    elementType = builder.getI32Type();
    numberElements = 4;
  } else if (type == NVVM::MMATypes::s8 || type == NVVM::MMATypes::u8) {
    elementType = builder.getI32Type();
    int parallelSize = 0;
    if (frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::a)
      parallelSize = nRow;
    if (frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::b)
      parallelSize = nCol;
 
    // m == 16 && n == 16 && k == 16
    if (parallelSize == 16)
      numberElements = 2;
    // m == 8 && n == 32 && k == 16 or m == 32 && n == 8 && k == 16
    else if (parallelSize == 8)
      numberElements = 1;
    else if (parallelSize == 32)
      numberElements = 4;
  } else if (type == NVVM::MMATypes::s32) {
    elementType = builder.getI32Type();
    numberElements = 8;
  }
  assert(numberElements != 0 && elementType != nullptr);
  return std::make_pair(elementType, numberElements);
}
 
static std::pair<mlir::Type, unsigned>
inferMMATypeFromMNK(NVVM::MMATypes type, NVVM::MMAFrag frag, int m, int n,
                    int k, MLIRContext *context) {
  int nRow, nCol;
  if (frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::a) {
    nRow = m;
    nCol = k;
  } else if (frag == NVVM::MMAFrag::b) {
    nRow = k;
    nCol = n;
  } else {
    nRow = m;
    nCol = n;
  }
  assert(nRow && nCol);
  return inferMMAType(type, frag, nRow, nCol, context);
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::WMMALoadOp::verify() {
  unsigned addressSpace =
      llvm::cast<LLVM::LLVMPointerType>(getPtr().getType()).getAddressSpace();
  if (addressSpace != 0 && addressSpace != NVVM::kGlobalMemorySpace &&
      addressSpace != NVVM::kSharedMemorySpace)
    return emitOpError("expected source pointer in memory "
                       "space 0, 1, 3");
 
  if (NVVM::WMMALoadOp::getIntrinsicID(getM(), getN(), getK(), getLayout(),
                                       getEltype(), getFrag()) == 0)
    return emitOpError() << "invalid attribute combination";
  std::pair<Type, unsigned> typeInfo = inferMMATypeFromMNK(
      getEltype(), getFrag(), getM(), getN(), getK(), getContext());
  Type dstType = LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
      getContext(), SmallVector<Type, 8>(typeInfo.second, typeInfo.first));
  if (getType() != dstType)
    return emitOpError("expected destination type is a structure of ")
           << typeInfo.second << " elements of type " << typeInfo.first;
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::WMMAStoreOp::verify() {
  unsigned addressSpace =
      llvm::cast<LLVM::LLVMPointerType>(getPtr().getType()).getAddressSpace();
  if (addressSpace != 0 && addressSpace != NVVM::kGlobalMemorySpace &&
      addressSpace != NVVM::kSharedMemorySpace)
    return emitOpError("expected operands to be a source pointer in memory "
                       "space 0, 1, 3");
 
  if (NVVM::WMMAStoreOp::getIntrinsicID(getM(), getN(), getK(), getLayout(),
                                        getEltype()) == 0)
    return emitOpError() << "invalid attribute combination";
  std::pair<Type, unsigned> typeInfo = inferMMATypeFromMNK(
      getEltype(), NVVM::MMAFrag::c, getM(), getN(), getK(), getContext());
  if (getArgs().size() != typeInfo.second)
    return emitOpError() << "expected " << typeInfo.second << " data operands";
  if (llvm::any_of(getArgs(), [&typeInfo](Value operands) {
        return operands.getType() != typeInfo.first;
      }))
    return emitOpError() << "expected data operands of type " << typeInfo.first;
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::WMMAMmaOp::verify() {
  if (NVVM::WMMAMmaOp::getIntrinsicID(getM(), getN(), getK(), getLayoutA(),
                                      getLayoutB(), getEltypeA(),
                                      getEltypeB()) == 0)
    return emitOpError() << "invalid attribute combination";
  std::pair<Type, unsigned> typeInfoA = inferMMATypeFromMNK(
      getEltypeA(), NVVM::MMAFrag::a, getM(), getN(), getK(), getContext());
  std::pair<Type, unsigned> typeInfoB = inferMMATypeFromMNK(
      getEltypeA(), NVVM::MMAFrag::b, getM(), getN(), getK(), getContext());
  std::pair<Type, unsigned> typeInfoC = inferMMATypeFromMNK(
      getEltypeB(), NVVM::MMAFrag::c, getM(), getN(), getK(), getContext());
  SmallVector<Type, 32> arguments;
  arguments.append(typeInfoA.second, typeInfoA.first);
  arguments.append(typeInfoB.second, typeInfoB.first);
  arguments.append(typeInfoC.second, typeInfoC.first);
  unsigned numArgs = arguments.size();
  if (getArgs().size() != numArgs)
    return emitOpError() << "expected " << numArgs << " arguments";
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
    if (getArgs()[i].getType() != arguments[i])
      return emitOpError() << "expected argument " << i << " to be of type "
                           << arguments[i];
  }
  Type dstType = LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
      getContext(), SmallVector<Type, 8>(typeInfoC.second, typeInfoC.first));
  if (getType() != dstType)
    return emitOpError("expected destination type is a structure of ")
           << typeInfoC.second << " elements of type " << typeInfoC.first;
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::LdMatrixOp::verify() {
  unsigned addressSpace =
      llvm::cast<LLVM::LLVMPointerType>(getPtr().getType()).getAddressSpace();
  if (addressSpace != NVVM::kSharedMemorySpace)
    return emitOpError("expected source pointer in memory space 3");
 
  if (getNum() != 1 && getNum() != 2 && getNum() != 4)
    return emitOpError("expected num attribute to be 1, 2 or 4");
 
  Type i32 = IntegerType::get(getContext(), 32);
  if (getNum() == 1 && getType() != i32)
    return emitOpError("expected destination type is i32");
  if (getNum() == 2 || getNum() == 4) {
    Type dstType = LLVM::LLVMStructType::getLiteral(
        getContext(), SmallVector<Type>(getNum(), i32));
    if (getType() != dstType)
      return emitOpError("expected destination type is a structure of ")
             << getNum() << " elements of type i32";
  }
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::StMatrixOp::verify() {
  unsigned addressSpace =
      llvm::cast<LLVM::LLVMPointerType>(getPtr().getType()).getAddressSpace();
  if (addressSpace != NVVM::kSharedMemorySpace)
    return emitOpError("expected source pointer in memory space 3");
 
  int numMatrix = getSources().size();
  if (numMatrix != 1 && numMatrix != 2 && numMatrix != 4)
    return emitOpError("expected num attribute to be 1, 2 or 4");
 
  return success();
}
 
FailureOr<int> getAllowedSizeK(NVVM::WGMMATypes typeA) {
  if (typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::tf32)
    return 8;
  if (typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16 || typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::bf16)
    return 16;
  if (typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::s8 || typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::u8)
    return 32;
  if (typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::e4m3 || typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::e5m2)
    return 32;
  if (typeA == NVVM::WGMMATypes::b1)
    return 256;
  return failure();
}
 
LogicalResult isAllowedWGMMADataType(NVVM::WGMMATypes typeD,
                                     NVVM::WGMMATypes typeA,
                                     NVVM::WGMMATypes typeB) {
  switch (typeA) {
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16:
    if ((typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f32 || typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16) &&
        typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16)
      return success();
    break;
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::tf32:
    if (typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f32 && typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::tf32)
      return success();
    break;
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::u8:
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::s8:
    if (typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::s32 &&
        (typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::u8 || typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::s8))
      return success();
    break;
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::b1:
    if (typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::s32 && typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::b1)
      return success();
    break;
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::bf16:
    if ((typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f32 || typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16) &&
        typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::bf16)
      return success();
    break;
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::e4m3:
  case NVVM::WGMMATypes::e5m2:
    if ((typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f32 || typeD == NVVM::WGMMATypes::f16) &&
        (typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::e5m2 || typeB == NVVM::WGMMATypes::e4m3))
      return success();
    break;
  case WGMMATypes::f32:
  case WGMMATypes::s32:
    llvm_unreachable("unsupported input types");
    break;
  }
  return failure();
}
 
LogicalResult isAllowedSizeN(int sizeN, NVVM::WGMMATypes typeA) {
  SmallVector<int> allowedN = {8,   16,  24,  32,  40,  48,  56,  64,
                               72,  80,  88,  96,  104, 112, 120, 128,
                               136, 144, 152, 160, 168, 176, 184, 192,
                               200, 208, 216, 224, 232, 240, 248, 256};
  SmallVector<int> allowedNshort = {8,   16,  24,  32,  48,  64,
                                    80,  96,  112, 128, 144, 160,
                                    176, 192, 208, 224, 240, 256};
  switch (typeA) {
  case WGMMATypes::f16:
  case WGMMATypes::tf32:
  case WGMMATypes::bf16:
  case WGMMATypes::e4m3:
  case WGMMATypes::e5m2:
    if (llvm::is_contained(allowedN, sizeN))
      return success();
    break;
  case WGMMATypes::u8:
  case WGMMATypes::s8:
  case WGMMATypes::b1:
    if (llvm::is_contained(allowedNshort, sizeN))
      return success();
    break;
  case WGMMATypes::f32:
  case WGMMATypes::s32:
    llvm_unreachable("unsupported input types");
    break;
  }
  return failure();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::WgmmaMmaAsyncOp::verify() {
  Value outValue = getResults();
  auto stype = dyn_cast<LLVM::LLVMStructType>(outValue.getType());
  if (!stype)
    return emitOpError() << "expected results to be struct";
  int outputSize = stype.getBody().size();
  WGMMATypes typeD = getTypeD();
  WGMMATypes typeA = getTypeA();
  WGMMATypes typeB = getTypeB();
 
  for (Type t : stype.getBody()) {
    if (t != stype.getBody().front())
      return emitOpError()
             << "all elements in struct must be same type but there is " << t;
  }
 
  if (typeD != WGMMATypes::f32 && typeD != WGMMATypes::f16 &&
      typeD != WGMMATypes::s32) {
    return emitOpError() << "does not support the given output type "
                         << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeD);
  }
  if (typeD == WGMMATypes::s32 &&
      (getScaleA() == WGMMAScaleIn::neg || getScaleB() == WGMMAScaleIn::neg)) {
    return emitOpError() << "has s32 output, scaleA and scaleB cannot be neg";
  }
 
  if (failed(isAllowedWGMMADataType(typeD, typeA, typeB))) {
    return emitOpError() << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeD)
                         << " += " << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeA) << " * "
                         << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeB)
                         << ", it is not supported.";
  }
 
  // Check M
  if (getShape().getM() != 64)
    return emitOpError() << "shape 'm' must be 64";
 
  // Check K
  FailureOr<int> allowedK = getAllowedSizeK(typeA);
  if (failed(allowedK) || allowedK.value() != getShape().getK())
    return emitOpError() << "shape 'k' must be " << allowedK.value()
                         << " for input type "
                         << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeA);
 
  // Check N
  if (failed(isAllowedSizeN(getShape().getN(), typeA))) {
    return emitOpError() << "has input type "
                         << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeA) << " n is set to "
                         << getShape().getN() << ", it is not supported.";
  }
 
  // Check transpose (only available for f16/bf16)
  // Matrices A should be stored in row-major and B in column-major.
  // Only f16/bf16 matrices can be stored in either column-major or row-major
  // by setting the tranpose value(imm-trans-a,imm-trans-b) in PTX code.
  if ((typeA != WGMMATypes::f16 && typeA != WGMMATypes::bf16) &&
      (getLayoutA() == mlir::NVVM::MMALayout::col ||
       getLayoutB() == mlir::NVVM::MMALayout::row)) {
    return emitOpError()
           << "given layouts layout_a = " << stringifyMMALayout(getLayoutA())
           << " and layout_b = " << stringifyMMALayout(getLayoutB())
           << " for input types " << stringifyWGMMATypes(typeA) << " and "
           << stringifyWGMMATypes(typeB)
           << " requires transpose. However, this is only supported for: "
           << stringifyMMATypes(MMATypes::f16) << " and "
           << stringifyMMATypes(MMATypes::bf16);
  }
 
  // Check result registers
  int expectedOutput = 0;
  if (typeD == WGMMATypes::f32 || typeD == WGMMATypes::s32)
    expectedOutput = getShape().getN() / 2;
  if (typeD == WGMMATypes::f16)
    expectedOutput = getShape().getN() / 4;
  if (outputSize != expectedOutput) {
    return emitOpError() << "results " << expectedOutput
                         << ", however output struct has " << outputSize
                         << " elements";
  }
  // Check satfinite (only available for s32 accumulator)
  if (typeD != WGMMATypes::s32 &&
      getSatfinite().value_or(NVVM::MMAIntOverflow::wrapped) ==
          NVVM::MMAIntOverflow::satfinite) {
    return emitOpError()
           << " `satfinite` can be only used with s32 accumulator, however "
              "the current accumulator is "
           << NVVM::stringifyWGMMATypes(typeD);
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
std::string NVVM::WgmmaMmaAsyncOp::getPtx() {
 
  int m = getShape().getM(), n = getShape().getN(), k = getShape().getK();
  bool isF16 = getTypeA() == WGMMATypes::f16 || getTypeA() == WGMMATypes::bf16;
 
  StringRef outputTypeName = stringifyWGMMATypes(getTypeD());
 
  int expectedOutputRegisters = 0;
  if (getTypeD() == WGMMATypes::f16)
    expectedOutputRegisters = getShape().getN() / 4;
  else
    expectedOutputRegisters = getShape().getN() / 2;
 
  std::string ptx;
  llvm::raw_string_ostream ss(ptx);
 
  ss << "{\n"
        ".reg .pred p;\n"
        "setp.ne.b32 p, $"
     << ((expectedOutputRegisters * 2) + 2)
     << ", 0;\n"
        "wgmma.mma_async.sync.aligned.m"
     << m << "n" << n << "k" << k << "." << outputTypeName << "."
     << stringifyWGMMATypes(getTypeA()) << "."
     << stringifyWGMMATypes(getTypeB());
  if (getSatfinite().value_or(NVVM::MMAIntOverflow::wrapped) ==
      NVVM::MMAIntOverflow::satfinite)
    ss << ".satfinite";
  ss << " {";
  int regCnt = 0;
  for (; regCnt < expectedOutputRegisters; ++regCnt) {
    ss << "$" << regCnt;
    if (regCnt != expectedOutputRegisters - 1)
      ss << ", ";
  }
 
  ss << "},";
  // Need to map read/write registers correctly.
  regCnt = (regCnt * 2);
  ss << " $" << (regCnt) << "," << " $" << (regCnt + 1) << "," << " p";
  if (getTypeD() != WGMMATypes::s32) {
    ss << ", $" << (regCnt + 3) << ",  $" << (regCnt + 4);
  }
  // Don't add transpose parameters unless needed.
  if (isF16) {
    ss << ", $" << (regCnt + 5) << ",  $" << (regCnt + 6);
  }
  ss << ";\n"
     << "}\n";
  return ptx;
}
 
void NVVM::WgmmaMmaAsyncOp::getAsmValues(
    RewriterBase &rewriter,
    llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<mlir::Value, mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod>>
        &asmValues) {
  bool isF16 = getTypeA() == WGMMATypes::f16 || getTypeA() == WGMMATypes::bf16;
  if (getResults())
    asmValues.push_back({getResults(), mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Write});
  if (getInouts())
    asmValues.push_back({getInouts(), mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::ReadWrite});
  asmValues.push_back({getDescriptorA(), mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
  asmValues.push_back({getDescriptorB(), mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
  asmValues.push_back({makeConstantI32(rewriter, static_cast<int>(getScaleD())),
                       mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
  if (getTypeD() != WGMMATypes::s32) {
    asmValues.push_back(
        {makeConstantI32(rewriter,
                         getScaleA() == NVVM::WGMMAScaleIn::neg ? -1 : 1),
         mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
    asmValues.push_back(
        {makeConstantI32(rewriter,
                         getScaleB() == NVVM::WGMMAScaleIn::neg ? -1 : 1),
         mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
  }
  if (isF16) {
    asmValues.push_back(
        {makeConstantI32(rewriter, static_cast<int>(getLayoutA())),
         mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
    asmValues.push_back(
        {makeConstantI32(rewriter, 1 - static_cast<int>(getLayoutB())),
         mlir::NVVM::PTXRegisterMod::Read});
  }
}
LogicalResult NVVM::FenceProxyOp::verify() {
  if (getKind() == NVVM::ProxyKind::TENSORMAP)
    return emitOpError() << "tensormap proxy is not a supported proxy kind";
  if (getKind() == NVVM::ProxyKind::GENERIC)
    return emitOpError() << "generic proxy not a supported proxy kind";
  if (getKind() == NVVM::ProxyKind::async_shared && !getSpace().has_value()) {
    return emitOpError() << "async_shared fence requires space attribute";
  }
  if (getKind() != NVVM::ProxyKind::async_shared && getSpace().has_value()) {
    return emitOpError() << "only async_shared fence can have space attribute";
  }
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::FenceProxyAcquireOp::verify() {
  if (getFromProxy() != NVVM::ProxyKind::GENERIC)
    return emitOpError("uni-directional proxies only support generic for "
                       "from_proxy attribute");
 
  if (getToProxy() != NVVM::ProxyKind::TENSORMAP)
    return emitOpError("uni-directional proxies only support tensormap "
                       "for to_proxy attribute");
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::FenceProxyReleaseOp::verify() {
  if (getFromProxy() != NVVM::ProxyKind::GENERIC)
    return emitOpError("uni-directional proxies only support generic for "
                       "from_proxy attribute");
 
  if (getToProxy() != NVVM::ProxyKind::TENSORMAP)
    return emitOpError("uni-directional proxies only support tensormap "
                       "for to_proxy attribute");
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::SetMaxRegisterOp::verify() {
  if (getRegCount() % 8)
    return emitOpError("new register size must be multiple of 8");
  if (getRegCount() < 24 || getRegCount() > 256)
    return emitOpError("new register size must be in between 24 to 256");
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVM::BarrierOp::verify() {
  if (getNumberOfThreads() && !getBarrierId())
    return emitOpError(
        "barrier id is missing, it should be set between 0 to 15");
  return success();
}
 
llvm::Intrinsic::ID CpAsyncBulkTensorPrefetchOp::getIntrinsicID(int tensorDims,
                                                                bool isIm2Col) {
  switch (tensorDims) {
  case 1:
    return llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_tile_1d;
  case 2:
    return llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_tile_2d;
  case 3:
    return isIm2Col
               ? llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_im2col_3d
               : llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_tile_3d;
  case 4:
    return isIm2Col
               ? llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_im2col_4d
               : llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_tile_4d;
  case 5:
    return isIm2Col
               ? llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_im2col_5d
               : llvm::Intrinsic::nvvm_cp_async_bulk_tensor_prefetch_tile_5d;
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("Invalid TensorDim in CpAsyncBulkTensorPrefetchOp.");
  }
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// NVVMDialect initialization, type parsing, and registration.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
// TODO: This should be the llvm.nvvm dialect once this is supported.
void NVVMDialect::initialize() {
  addOperations<
#define GET_OP_LIST
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOps.cpp.inc"
      >();
  addAttributes<
#define GET_ATTRDEF_LIST
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOpsAttributes.cpp.inc"
      >();
 
  // Support unknown operations because not all NVVM operations are
  // registered.
  allowUnknownOperations();
  declarePromisedInterface<ConvertToLLVMPatternInterface, NVVMDialect>();
  declarePromisedInterface<gpu::TargetAttrInterface, NVVMTargetAttr>();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVMDialect::verifyOperationAttribute(Operation *op,
                                                    NamedAttribute attr) {
  StringAttr attrName = attr.getName();
  // Kernel function attribute should be attached to functions.
  if (attrName == NVVMDialect::getKernelFuncAttrName()) {
    if (!isa<LLVM::LLVMFuncOp>(op)) {
      return op->emitError() << "'" << NVVMDialect::getKernelFuncAttrName()
                             << "' attribute attached to unexpected op";
    }
  }
  // If maxntid and reqntid exist, it must be an array with max 3 dim
  if (attrName == NVVMDialect::getMaxntidAttrName() ||
      attrName == NVVMDialect::getReqntidAttrName()) {
    auto values = llvm::dyn_cast<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(attr.getValue());
    if (!values || values.empty() || values.size() > 3)
      return op->emitError()
             << "'" << attrName
             << "' attribute must be integer array with maximum 3 index";
  }
  // If minctasm and maxnreg exist, it must be an integer attribute
  if (attrName == NVVMDialect::getMinctasmAttrName() ||
      attrName == NVVMDialect::getMaxnregAttrName()) {
    if (!llvm::dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(attr.getValue()))
      return op->emitError()
             << "'" << attrName << "' attribute must be integer constant";
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult NVVMDialect::verifyRegionArgAttribute(Operation *op,
                                                    unsigned regionIndex,
                                                    unsigned argIndex,
                                                    NamedAttribute argAttr) {
  auto funcOp = dyn_cast<FunctionOpInterface>(op);
  if (!funcOp)
    return success();
 
  bool isKernel = op->hasAttr(NVVMDialect::getKernelFuncAttrName());
  StringAttr attrName = argAttr.getName();
  if (attrName == NVVM::NVVMDialect::getGridConstantAttrName()) {
    if (!isKernel) {
      return op->emitError()
             << "'" << attrName
             << "' attribute must be present only on kernel arguments";
    }
    if (!isa<UnitAttr>(argAttr.getValue()))
      return op->emitError() << "'" << attrName << "' must be a unit attribute";
    if (!funcOp.getArgAttr(argIndex, LLVM::LLVMDialect::getByValAttrName())) {
      return op->emitError()
             << "'" << attrName
             << "' attribute requires the argument to also have attribute '"
             << LLVM::LLVMDialect::getByValAttrName() << "'";
    }
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// NVVM target attribute.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
LogicalResult
NVVMTargetAttr::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                       int optLevel, StringRef triple, StringRef chip,
                       StringRef features, DictionaryAttr flags,
                       ArrayAttr files) {
  if (optLevel < 0 || optLevel > 3) {
    emitError() << "The optimization level must be a number between 0 and 3.";
    return failure();
  }
  if (triple.empty()) {
    emitError() << "The target triple cannot be empty.";
    return failure();
  }
  if (chip.empty()) {
    emitError() << "The target chip cannot be empty.";
    return failure();
  }
  if (files && !llvm::all_of(files, [](::mlir::Attribute attr) {
        return attr && mlir::isa<StringAttr>(attr);
      })) {
    emitError() << "All the elements in the `link` array must be strings.";
    return failure();
  }
  return success();
}
 
#define GET_OP_CLASSES
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOps.cpp.inc"
 
#define GET_ATTRDEF_CLASSES
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/NVVMOpsAttributes.cpp.inc"