Bufferize.cpp

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//===- Bufferize.cpp - Bufferization utilities ----------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/Passes.h"
 
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/BufferizableOpInterface.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/Bufferization.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/Bufferize.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/OneShotAnalysis.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/OneShotModuleBufferize.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/Transforms.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
#include "mlir/Interfaces/ControlFlowInterfaces.h"
#include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.h"
#include "mlir/Pass/PassManager.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/Passes.h"
#include <optional>
 
namespace mlir {
namespace bufferization {
#define GEN_PASS_DEF_FINALIZINGBUFFERIZE
#define GEN_PASS_DEF_BUFFERIZATIONBUFFERIZE
#define GEN_PASS_DEF_ONESHOTBUFFERIZE
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/Transforms/Passes.h.inc"
} // namespace bufferization
} // namespace mlir
 
#define DEBUG_TYPE "bufferize"
 
using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::bufferization;
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// BufferizeTypeConverter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
static Value materializeToTensor(OpBuilder &builder, TensorType type,
                                 ValueRange inputs, Location loc) {
  assert(inputs.size() == 1);
  assert(isa<BaseMemRefType>(inputs[0].getType()));
  return builder.create<bufferization::ToTensorOp>(loc, type, inputs[0]);
}
 
/// Registers conversions into BufferizeTypeConverter
BufferizeTypeConverter::BufferizeTypeConverter() {
  // Keep all types unchanged.
  addConversion([](Type type) { return type; });
  // Convert RankedTensorType to MemRefType.
  addConversion([](RankedTensorType type) -> Type {
    return MemRefType::get(type.getShape(), type.getElementType());
  });
  // Convert UnrankedTensorType to UnrankedMemRefType.
  addConversion([](UnrankedTensorType type) -> Type {
    return UnrankedMemRefType::get(type.getElementType(), 0);
  });
  addArgumentMaterialization(materializeToTensor);
  addSourceMaterialization(materializeToTensor);
  addTargetMaterialization([](OpBuilder &builder, BaseMemRefType type,
                              ValueRange inputs, Location loc) -> Value {
    assert(inputs.size() == 1 && "expected exactly one input");
 
    if (auto inputType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(inputs[0].getType())) {
      // MemRef to MemRef cast.
      assert(inputType != type && "expected different types");
      // Unranked to ranked and ranked to unranked casts must be explicit.
      auto rankedDestType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(type);
      if (!rankedDestType)
        return nullptr;
      BufferizationOptions options;
      options.bufferAlignment = 0;
      FailureOr<Value> replacement =
          castOrReallocMemRefValue(builder, inputs[0], rankedDestType, options);
      if (failed(replacement))
        return nullptr;
      return *replacement;
    }
 
    if (isa<TensorType>(inputs[0].getType())) {
      // Tensor to MemRef cast.
      return builder.create<bufferization::ToMemrefOp>(loc, type, inputs[0]);
    }
 
    llvm_unreachable("only tensor/memref input types supported");
  });
}
 
void mlir::bufferization::populateBufferizeMaterializationLegality(
    ConversionTarget &target) {
  target.addLegalOp<bufferization::ToTensorOp, bufferization::ToMemrefOp>();
}
 
namespace {
// In a finalizing bufferize conversion, we know that all tensors have been
// converted to memrefs, thus, this op becomes an identity.
class BufferizeToTensorOp
    : public OpConversionPattern<bufferization::ToTensorOp> {
public:
  using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
  LogicalResult
  matchAndRewrite(bufferization::ToTensorOp op, OpAdaptor adaptor,
                  ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
    rewriter.replaceOp(op, adaptor.getMemref());
    return success();
  }
};
} // namespace
 
namespace {
// In a finalizing bufferize conversion, we know that all tensors have been
// converted to memrefs, thus, this op becomes an identity.
class BufferizeToMemrefOp
    : public OpConversionPattern<bufferization::ToMemrefOp> {
public:
  using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
  LogicalResult
  matchAndRewrite(bufferization::ToMemrefOp op, OpAdaptor adaptor,
                  ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
    rewriter.replaceOp(op, adaptor.getTensor());
    return success();
  }
};
} // namespace
 
void mlir::bufferization::populateEliminateBufferizeMaterializationsPatterns(
    BufferizeTypeConverter &typeConverter, RewritePatternSet &patterns) {
  patterns.add<BufferizeToTensorOp, BufferizeToMemrefOp>(typeConverter,
                                                         patterns.getContext());
}
 
namespace {
struct FinalizingBufferizePass
    : public bufferization::impl::FinalizingBufferizeBase<
          FinalizingBufferizePass> {
  using FinalizingBufferizeBase<
      FinalizingBufferizePass>::FinalizingBufferizeBase;
 
  void runOnOperation() override {
    auto func = getOperation();
    auto *context = &getContext();
 
    BufferizeTypeConverter typeConverter;
    RewritePatternSet patterns(context);
    ConversionTarget target(*context);
 
    populateEliminateBufferizeMaterializationsPatterns(typeConverter, patterns);
 
    // If all result types are legal, and all block arguments are legal (ensured
    // by func conversion above), then all types in the program are legal.
    //
    // We also check that the operand types are legal to avoid creating invalid
    // IR. For example, this prevents
    // populateEliminateBufferizeMaterializationsPatterns from updating the
    // types of the operands to a return op without updating the enclosing
    // function.
    target.markUnknownOpDynamicallyLegal(
        [&](Operation *op) { return typeConverter.isLegal(op); });
 
    if (failed(applyFullConversion(func, target, std::move(patterns))))
      signalPassFailure();
  }
};
 
static LayoutMapOption parseLayoutMapOption(const std::string &s) {
  if (s == "fully-dynamic-layout-map")
    return LayoutMapOption::FullyDynamicLayoutMap;
  if (s == "identity-layout-map")
    return LayoutMapOption::IdentityLayoutMap;
  if (s == "infer-layout-map")
    return LayoutMapOption::InferLayoutMap;
  llvm_unreachable("invalid layout map option");
}
 
static OneShotBufferizationOptions::AnalysisHeuristic
parseHeuristicOption(const std::string &s) {
  if (s == "bottom-up")
    return OneShotBufferizationOptions::AnalysisHeuristic::BottomUp;
  if (s == "top-down")
    return OneShotBufferizationOptions::AnalysisHeuristic::TopDown;
  if (s == "bottom-up-from-terminators")
    return OneShotBufferizationOptions::AnalysisHeuristic::
        BottomUpFromTerminators;
  if (s == "fuzzer")
    return OneShotBufferizationOptions::AnalysisHeuristic::Fuzzer;
  llvm_unreachable("invalid analysisheuristic option");
}
 
struct OneShotBufferizePass
    : public bufferization::impl::OneShotBufferizeBase<OneShotBufferizePass> {
  OneShotBufferizePass() = default;
 
  explicit OneShotBufferizePass(const OneShotBufferizationOptions &options)
      : options(options) {}
 
  void getDependentDialects(DialectRegistry &registry) const override {
    registry
        .insert<bufferization::BufferizationDialect, memref::MemRefDialect>();
  }
 
  void runOnOperation() override {
    OneShotBufferizationOptions opt;
    if (!options) {
      // Make new bufferization options if none were provided when creating the
      // pass.
      opt.allowReturnAllocsFromLoops = allowReturnAllocsFromLoops;
      opt.allowUnknownOps = allowUnknownOps;
      opt.analysisFuzzerSeed = analysisFuzzerSeed;
      opt.analysisHeuristic = parseHeuristicOption(analysisHeuristic);
      opt.copyBeforeWrite = copyBeforeWrite;
      opt.dumpAliasSets = dumpAliasSets;
      opt.setFunctionBoundaryTypeConversion(
          parseLayoutMapOption(functionBoundaryTypeConversion));
      if (mustInferMemorySpace) {
        opt.defaultMemorySpaceFn =
            [](TensorType t) -> std::optional<Attribute> {
          return std::nullopt;
        };
      }
      opt.printConflicts = printConflicts;
      opt.testAnalysisOnly = testAnalysisOnly;
      opt.bufferizeFunctionBoundaries = bufferizeFunctionBoundaries;
      opt.checkParallelRegions = checkParallelRegions;
      opt.noAnalysisFuncFilter = noAnalysisFuncFilter;
 
      // Configure type converter.
      LayoutMapOption unknownTypeConversionOption =
          parseLayoutMapOption(unknownTypeConversion);
      if (unknownTypeConversionOption == LayoutMapOption::InferLayoutMap) {
        emitError(UnknownLoc::get(&getContext()),
                  "Invalid option: 'infer-layout-map' is not a valid value for "
                  "'unknown-type-conversion'");
        return signalPassFailure();
      }
      opt.unknownTypeConverterFn = [=](Value value, Attribute memorySpace,
                                       const BufferizationOptions &options) {
        auto tensorType = cast<TensorType>(value.getType());
        if (unknownTypeConversionOption == LayoutMapOption::IdentityLayoutMap)
          return bufferization::getMemRefTypeWithStaticIdentityLayout(
              tensorType, memorySpace);
        assert(unknownTypeConversionOption ==
                   LayoutMapOption::FullyDynamicLayoutMap &&
               "invalid layout map option");
        return bufferization::getMemRefTypeWithFullyDynamicLayout(tensorType,
                                                                  memorySpace);
      };
 
      // Configure op filter.
      OpFilter::Entry::FilterFn filterFn = [&](Operation *op) {
        // Filter may be specified via options.
        if (this->dialectFilter.hasValue())
          return llvm::is_contained(this->dialectFilter,
                                    op->getDialect()->getNamespace());
        // No filter specified: All other ops are allowed.
        return true;
      };
      opt.opFilter.allowOperation(filterFn);
    } else {
      opt = *options;
    }
 
    if (opt.copyBeforeWrite && opt.testAnalysisOnly) {
      // These two flags do not make sense together: "copy-before-write"
      // indicates that copies should be inserted before every memory write,
      // but "test-analysis-only" indicates that only the analysis should be
      // tested. (I.e., no IR is bufferized.)
      emitError(UnknownLoc::get(&getContext()),
                "Invalid option: 'copy-before-write' cannot be used with "
                "'test-analysis-only'");
      return signalPassFailure();
    }
 
    if (opt.printConflicts && !opt.testAnalysisOnly) {
      emitError(
          UnknownLoc::get(&getContext()),
          "Invalid option: 'print-conflicts' requires 'test-analysis-only'");
      return signalPassFailure();
    }
 
    if (opt.dumpAliasSets && !opt.testAnalysisOnly) {
      emitError(
          UnknownLoc::get(&getContext()),
          "Invalid option: 'dump-alias-sets' requires 'test-analysis-only'");
      return signalPassFailure();
    }
 
    BufferizationStatistics statistics;
    ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
    if (opt.bufferizeFunctionBoundaries) {
      if (failed(runOneShotModuleBufferize(moduleOp, opt, &statistics))) {
        signalPassFailure();
        return;
      }
    } else {
      if (!opt.noAnalysisFuncFilter.empty()) {
        emitError(UnknownLoc::get(&getContext()),
                  "Invalid option: 'no-analysis-func-filter' requires "
                  "'bufferize-function-boundaries'");
        return signalPassFailure();
      }
      if (failed(runOneShotBufferize(moduleOp, opt, &statistics))) {
        signalPassFailure();
        return;
      }
    }
 
    // Set pass statistics.
    this->numBufferAlloc = statistics.numBufferAlloc;
    this->numTensorInPlace = statistics.numTensorInPlace;
    this->numTensorOutOfPlace = statistics.numTensorOutOfPlace;
  }
 
private:
  std::optional<OneShotBufferizationOptions> options;
};
} // namespace
 
std::unique_ptr<Pass> mlir::bufferization::createOneShotBufferizePass() {
  return std::make_unique<OneShotBufferizePass>();
}
 
std::unique_ptr<Pass> mlir::bufferization::createOneShotBufferizePass(
    const OneShotBufferizationOptions &options) {
  return std::make_unique<OneShotBufferizePass>(options);
}
 
std::unique_ptr<OperationPass<func::FuncOp>>
mlir::bufferization::createFinalizingBufferizePass() {
  return std::make_unique<FinalizingBufferizePass>();
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// BufferizableOpInterface-based Bufferization
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
namespace {
/// A rewriter that keeps track of extra information during bufferization.
class BufferizationRewriter : public IRRewriter, public RewriterBase::Listener {
public:
  BufferizationRewriter(MLIRContext *ctx, DenseSet<Operation *> &erasedOps,
                        DenseSet<Operation *> &toMemrefOps,
                        SmallVector<Operation *> &worklist,
                        const BufferizationOptions &options,
                        BufferizationStatistics *statistics)
      : IRRewriter(ctx), erasedOps(erasedOps), toMemrefOps(toMemrefOps),
        worklist(worklist), analysisState(options), statistics(statistics) {
    setListener(this);
  }
 
protected:
  void notifyOperationErased(Operation *op) override {
    erasedOps.insert(op);
    // Erase if present.
    toMemrefOps.erase(op);
  }
 
  void notifyOperationInserted(Operation *op, InsertPoint previous) override {
    // We only care about newly created ops.
    if (previous.isSet())
      return;
 
    erasedOps.erase(op);
 
    // Gather statistics about allocs.
    if (statistics) {
      if (auto sideEffectingOp = dyn_cast<MemoryEffectOpInterface>(op))
        statistics->numBufferAlloc += static_cast<int64_t>(
            sideEffectingOp.hasEffect<MemoryEffects::Allocate>());
    }
 
    // Keep track of to_memref ops.
    if (isa<ToMemrefOp>(op)) {
      toMemrefOps.insert(op);
      return;
    }
 
    // Skip to_tensor ops.
    if (isa<ToTensorOp>(op))
      return;
 
    // Skip non-tensor ops.
    if (!hasTensorSemantics(op))
      return;
 
    // Skip ops that are not allowed to be bufferized.
    auto const &options = analysisState.getOptions();
    if (!options.isOpAllowed(op))
      return;
 
    // Add op to worklist.
    worklist.push_back(op);
  }
 
private:
  /// A set of all erased ops.
  DenseSet<Operation *> &erasedOps;
 
  /// A set of all to_memref ops.
  DenseSet<Operation *> &toMemrefOps;
 
  /// The worklist of ops to be bufferized.
  SmallVector<Operation *> &worklist;
 
  /// The analysis state. Used for debug assertions and access to the
  /// bufferization options.
  const AnalysisState analysisState;
 
  /// Bufferization statistics for debugging.
  BufferizationStatistics *statistics;
};
} // namespace
 
LogicalResult bufferization::bufferizeOp(Operation *op,
                                         const BufferizationOptions &options,
                                         BufferizationStatistics *statistics) {
  if (options.copyBeforeWrite) {
    AnalysisState state(options);
    if (failed(insertTensorCopies(op, state)))
      return failure();
  }
 
  // Keep track of to_memref ops.
  DenseSet<Operation *> toMemrefOps;
  op->walk([&](ToMemrefOp toMemrefOp) { toMemrefOps.insert(toMemrefOp); });
 
  // Gather all bufferizable ops in top-to-bottom order.
  //
  // We should ideally know the exact memref type of all operands when
  // bufferizing an op. (This is the case when bufferizing top-to-bottom.)
  // Otherwise, we have to use a memref type with a fully dynamic layout map to
  // avoid copies. We are currently missing patterns for layout maps to
  // canonicalize away (or canonicalize to more precise layouts).
  SmallVector<Operation *> worklist;
  op->walk<WalkOrder::PostOrder>([&](Operation *op) {
    if (options.isOpAllowed(op) && hasTensorSemantics(op))
      worklist.push_back(op);
  });
 
  // Keep track of all erased ops.
  DenseSet<Operation *> erasedOps;
 
  // Bufferize all ops.
  BufferizationRewriter rewriter(op->getContext(), erasedOps, toMemrefOps,
                                 worklist, options, statistics);
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < worklist.size(); ++i) {
    Operation *nextOp = worklist[i];
    // Skip ops that were erased.
    if (erasedOps.contains(nextOp))
      continue;
    // Skip ops that are not bufferizable or not allowed.
    auto bufferizableOp = options.dynCastBufferizableOp(nextOp);
    if (!bufferizableOp)
      continue;
    // Skip ops that no longer have tensor semantics.
    if (!hasTensorSemantics(nextOp))
      continue;
    // Check for unsupported unstructured control flow.
    if (!bufferizableOp.supportsUnstructuredControlFlow())
      for (Region &r : nextOp->getRegions())
        if (r.getBlocks().size() > 1)
          return nextOp->emitOpError(
              "op or BufferizableOpInterface implementation does not support "
              "unstructured control flow, but at least one region has multiple "
              "blocks");
 
    // Bufferize the op.
    LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs()
               << "//===-------------------------------------------===//\n"
               << "IR after bufferizing: " << nextOp->getName() << "\n");
    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(nextOp);
    if (failed(bufferizableOp.bufferize(rewriter, options))) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs()
                 << "failed to bufferize\n"
                 << "//===-------------------------------------------===//\n");
      return nextOp->emitError("failed to bufferize op");
    }
    LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs()
               << *op
               << "\n//===-------------------------------------------===//\n");
  }
 
  // Return early if the top-level op is entirely gone.
  if (erasedOps.contains(op))
    return success();
 
  // Fold all to_memref(to_tensor(x)) pairs.
  for (Operation *op : toMemrefOps) {
    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
    (void)bufferization::foldToMemrefToTensorPair(
        rewriter, cast<ToMemrefOp>(op), options);
  }
 
  // Remove all dead to_tensor ops.
  op->walk<WalkOrder::PostOrder>([&](ToTensorOp toTensorOp) {
    if (toTensorOp->getUses().empty()) {
      rewriter.eraseOp(toTensorOp);
      return WalkResult::skip();
    }
    return WalkResult::advance();
  });
 
  /// Check the result of bufferization. Return an error if an op was not
  /// bufferized, unless partial bufferization is allowed.
  if (options.allowUnknownOps)
    return success();
 
  for (Operation *op : worklist) {
    // Skip ops that are entirely gone.
    if (erasedOps.contains(op))
      continue;
    // Ops that no longer have tensor semantics (because they were updated
    // in-place) are allowed.
    if (!hasTensorSemantics(op))
      continue;
    // Continue ops that are not allowed.
    if (!options.isOpAllowed(op))
      continue;
    // Ops without any uses and no side effects will fold away.
    if (op->getUses().empty() && isMemoryEffectFree(op))
      continue;
    // ToTensorOps/ToMemrefOps are allowed in the output.
    if (isa<ToTensorOp, ToMemrefOp>(op))
      continue;
    return op->emitError("op was not bufferized");
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult
bufferization::bufferizeBlockSignature(Block *block, RewriterBase &rewriter,
                                       const BufferizationOptions &options) {
  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard g(rewriter);
  auto bufferizableOp = options.dynCastBufferizableOp(block->getParentOp());
  if (!bufferizableOp)
    return failure();
 
  // Compute the new signature.
  SmallVector<Type> newTypes;
  for (BlockArgument &bbArg : block->getArguments()) {
    auto tensorType = dyn_cast<TensorType>(bbArg.getType());
    if (!tensorType) {
      newTypes.push_back(bbArg.getType());
      continue;
    }
 
    FailureOr<BaseMemRefType> memrefType =
        bufferization::getBufferType(bbArg, options);
    if (failed(memrefType))
      return failure();
    newTypes.push_back(*memrefType);
  }
 
  // Change the type of all block arguments.
  for (auto [bbArg, type] : llvm::zip(block->getArguments(), newTypes)) {
    if (bbArg.getType() == type)
      continue;
 
    // Collect all uses of the bbArg.
    SmallVector<OpOperand *> bbArgUses;
    for (OpOperand &use : bbArg.getUses())
      bbArgUses.push_back(&use);
 
    // Change the bbArg type to memref.
    bbArg.setType(type);
 
    // Replace all uses of the original tensor bbArg.
    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
    if (!bbArgUses.empty()) {
      Value toTensorOp =
          rewriter.create<bufferization::ToTensorOp>(bbArg.getLoc(), bbArg);
      for (OpOperand *use : bbArgUses)
        use->set(toTensorOp);
    }
  }
 
  // Bufferize callers of the block.
  for (Operation *op : block->getUsers()) {
    auto branchOp = dyn_cast<BranchOpInterface>(op);
    if (!branchOp)
      return op->emitOpError("cannot bufferize ops with block references that "
                             "do not implement BranchOpInterface");
 
    auto it = llvm::find(op->getSuccessors(), block);
    assert(it != op->getSuccessors().end() && "could find successor");
    int64_t successorIdx = std::distance(op->getSuccessors().begin(), it);
 
    SuccessorOperands operands = branchOp.getSuccessorOperands(successorIdx);
    SmallVector<Value> newOperands;
    for (auto [operand, type] :
         llvm::zip(operands.getForwardedOperands(), newTypes)) {
      if (operand.getType() == type) {
        // Not a tensor type. Nothing to do for this operand.
        newOperands.push_back(operand);
        continue;
      }
      FailureOr<BaseMemRefType> operandBufferType =
          bufferization::getBufferType(operand, options);
      if (failed(operandBufferType))
        return failure();
      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(operand);
      Value bufferizedOperand = rewriter.create<bufferization::ToMemrefOp>(
          operand.getLoc(), *operandBufferType, operand);
      // A cast is needed if the operand and the block argument have different
      // bufferized types.
      if (type != *operandBufferType)
        bufferizedOperand = rewriter.create<memref::CastOp>(
            operand.getLoc(), type, bufferizedOperand);
      newOperands.push_back(bufferizedOperand);
    }
    operands.getMutableForwardedOperands().assign(newOperands);
  }
 
  return success();
}
 
BufferizationOptions bufferization::getPartialBufferizationOptions() {
  BufferizationOptions options;
  options.allowUnknownOps = true;
  options.copyBeforeWrite = true;
  options.enforceAliasingInvariants = false;
  options.unknownTypeConverterFn = [](Value value, Attribute memorySpace,
                                      const BufferizationOptions &options) {
    return getMemRefTypeWithStaticIdentityLayout(
        cast<TensorType>(value.getType()), memorySpace);
  };
  options.opFilter.allowDialect<BufferizationDialect>();
  return options;
}